“边境三部曲”中的空间异质性书写与帝国意识形态解构

刘久明　朱斐斐

内容提要：麦卡锡“边境三部曲”颠覆了美国文学传统中对西部空间的想象。那里不再是帝国意识形态可以征服的区域，而是充满抵抗性和难以整合的空间。将“边境三部曲”中的空间叙事放在他者文化的语境下加以解读，我们发现作者通过叙述牛仔失败的征服之旅，解构了帝国意识形态对空间的想象，建构了异质的物理空间、社会空间和心理空间。其叙事的表层似与西部神话形成共谋，实则批判了意识形态霸权，彰显了他者的不可化约性，从而唤起了读者对他者、他者空间及他异性的敬畏。

关键词：科马克·麦卡锡　“边境三部曲”　空间异质性　帝国意识形态

作者简介：刘久明，华中科技大学人文学院教授，博士生导师。主要从事比较文学研究朱斐斐，华中科技大学人文学院博士研究生，武汉理工大学外国语学院副教授。主要从事美国文学研究。                                                                                                                                         

Title: Spatial Heterogeneity and the Deconstruction of Imperial Ideology: On Cor-mac McCarthy’s Border Trilogy

ABSTRACT: Cormac McCarthy’s Border Trilogy subverts the imagination of West-ern space in the American literary tradition. It is no longer an area that imperial ideology can conquer, but a space full of resistance that is difficult to integrate. By interpreting the space narrative in the context of the Other culture, this article argues that McCarthy has deconstructed the imagination about space in the imperial ideology and constructed heterogeneous physical space, social space and psychological space. The surface of its narrative seems to conspire with the myth of American West, but in fact, it criticizes ideo-logical hegemony and reveals the invisibility of the Other, arousing readers’ awe for other people and other space.

Keywords: Cormac McCarthy, the “Border Trilogy,” spatial heterogeneity, imperial ideology

Authors: Liu Jiuming is a professor at the College of Humanities, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (430074), specializing in comparative literature. Zhu Feifei is a doctoral can-didate at the College of Humanities, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu-han, China (430074) and an associate professor in the School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China (430070), specializing in American literature.

镶嵌性、生成性、修正性：苏克尼克《马赛克人》中的后现代叙事诗学特征

王莹　陈世丹

内容提要：罗纳德·苏克尼克的小说《马赛克人》创作于后大屠杀、后冷战的背景下，蕴含了他对这一时期小说创作与自我意义的思考。本文通过分析小说的镶嵌性、生成性、修正性等主要特征，勾勒出苏克尼克的后现代叙事诗学。镶嵌性强调在后现代整体缺失之下各部分的意义，暗示当文化整体不复存在时，作为文化碎片的个体会努力寻找自身的意义；生成性继承犹太反模仿的传统，表明模仿并非真实，而是一种编造的存在；修正性意在对经典的重访与改写，实为苏克尼克对作家自身身份的反思和对犹太身份的追溯。《马赛克人》中的后现代叙事诗学表现了苏克尼克将对历史与现实意义的追寻诉诸文学创作的革新，以期达到小说作为对现实的增添或补充的目的。

关键词：罗纳德·苏克尼克 《马赛克人》　镶嵌性　生成性　修正性

作者简介：王莹，中国人民大学外国语学院博士研究生，主要研究方向为美国文学及西方文论；陈世丹，中国人民大学外国语学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事英美文学批评、西方文论研究。本文系中国人民大学科学研究基金重大项目“后现代文学伦理学的中外平行对比研究”（22XNL017）阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                         

Title: Mosaic, Generativity and Revision: Postmodern Narrative Poetics in Ronald Sukenick’s Mosaic Man

ABSTRACT: Ronald Sukenick’s Mosaic Man is a post-Holocaust and post-Cold War novel. It contains his thoughts on the writing and self construct of novels in this peri-od. This paper outlines Sukenick’s postmodern narrative poetics by analyzing the charac-teristics of the novel, namely mosaic, generativity and revision. Mosaic in the novel em-phasizes the meanings of parts in the absence of the whole, implying that when the whole culture no longer exists, the individual becomes a fragment trying to find its own mean-ing. Generativity is inherited from the Jewish tradition of anti-imitation, which shows that imitation is nothing but a fabricated existence. Revision, intended to revise and rewrite the classics, is a reflection on the writer’s own identity and his tracing of Jewish identity. The postmodern narrative poetics in Mosaic Man shows that in his pursuit of historical and realistic significance, Sukenick uses innovative literary creation to make “the novel” an addition or supplement to reality.

Keywords: Ronald Sukenick, Mosaic Man, mosaic, generativity, revision

Authors: Wang Ying is a doctoral candidate at the School of Foreign Languages, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China (100872), spe-cializing in American literature and Western literary theory. Chen Shidan is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Renmin University of China, specializing in British and American literature and Western literary theory.

否定主义美学视域下《何以为我》中的亚裔文化共同体书写

苗福光　许　婧

内容提要：菲裔美国作家阿列克斯·提臧在其非虚构小说《何以为我》中描写了亚裔群体在以白人为主导的美国社会中所共同遭遇的种族歧视，作者对亚裔所遭受的歧视性文化建构的否定正体现出“本体性否定”的美学特征。通过对亚裔历史文化的追溯以及由此产生的文化自信，提臧提出了建立亚裔文化共同体的创造性构想。这部作品的创作也成了他在“否定—创造”的否定主义美学上的文化实践。

关键词：阿列克斯·提臧　《何以为我》　否定主义美学　亚裔文化共同体

作者简介：苗福光，上海大学外国语学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事文学生态学、中西文化翻译与传播研究等；许婧，上海大学外国语学院硕士研究生，研究方向为英美文学。本文系上海大学项目“自然文学与生态文学整合研究”（D.77—0103—00—004）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                              

Title: Writing about the Asian American Cultural Community in Big Little Man: In Search of My Asian Self: A Negativist Aesthetics Approach

ABSTRACT: Filipino-American writer Alex Tizon depicts discriminations encountered by Asian Americans in white-dominated American society in his memoir Big Little Man: In Search of My Asian Self. The author’s negation of the discriminatory cultural construction suffered by Asian Americans manifests the aesthetic characteristic of “onto-logical negation.” By tracing the history and culture of Asian Americans and the resulting cultural confidence, Tizon proposes a creative means of establishing an Asian American cultural community. The creation of the novel becomes his cultural practice in negativist aesthetics with “negation-creation.”

Keywords: Alex Tizon, Big Little Man: In Search of My Asian Self, negativist aes-thetics, Asian American cultural community

Authors: Miao Fuguang is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China (200444), mainly specializing in the studies of literary ecology, translation and the communication of Chinese and West-ern cultures. Xu Jing is a postgraduate student at the School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China (200444), specializing in British and American literature.

自然万物的叙事力

  ——论瑞克·巴斯的复魅叙事

邱小轻

内容提要：瑞克·巴斯频繁讲述人在荒野体验到的神奇。其实巴斯并非魔幻现实主义作家，神奇也不仅指向自然的野性，它直指自然万物的强大叙事力。本文首先理清物质生态批评核心概念“物质叙事力”的内涵，继而指出巴斯对自然万物的叙事力的阐发，并认为他在荒野亲历的神奇事件以及小说人物迷魅于自然万物的语言、惊叹于动物的理解力与跨越广阔空间的感知力等，均展示了自然的表述行为和重新使人魅惑的主体性。这些复魅叙事凸显人对物之生命力的重新感知和物质与话语的密不可分，表明叙事是人与物共同创建，呼应了物质生态批评赋予叙事的本体论意义，激发我们在实践活动中的伦理反思。

关键词：瑞克·巴斯　自然万物　神奇　物质叙事力　复魅

作者简介：邱小轻，广东外语外贸大学教授，主要研究叙事学和现当代英美文学。本文系2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“认知诗学研究与理论版图重构”（20&ZD291）和2022年广东省社科项目“新世纪美国‘荒野文学’生态叙事研究”（GD22CWW03）阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                                 

Title: Narrative Agency of Nonhuman Nature: A Study of Rick Bass’s Narratives of Re-enchantment

ABSTRACT: Rick Bass frequently depicts human experience of wonder in the wilderness. Bass is not a magical realist, nor does wonder merely refer to the wildness of nature. More importantly, wonder means the powerful narrative agency of nonhuman nature. This paper sets out to clarify the term “narrative agency of matter,” the key concept of material ecocriticism, and to draw attention to Bass’s unique articulation of the narrative agency of nonhuman nature. It argues that Bass’s recordings of his sensorial perceptions of wonder in the wilderness, together with his accounts of characters being enchanted by languages of nonhuman nature and being amazed by animals’ intelligibility and extrasensory perception, signify both the performativity and the re-enchanting process of nonhuman nature. Bass’s narratives of re-enchantment accentuate human perceptions of matter’s vitality and the inseparability of matter and discourse, and convincingly demonstrate that narratives are co-created by humans and nonhuman nature, thus corresponding to the on-tological meaning of narrative designated by material ecocriticism and encouraging ethical reflections on our actions.

Keywords: Rick Bass, nonhuman nature, wonder, narrative agency of matter, re-enchantment

Author: Qiu Xiaoqing is a professor of English at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China (510420), specializing in narratology and contemporary Anglo-American literature.

变动地缘中的身体：《姐妹山》的边界空间书写

敬南菲

内容提要：美国犹太作家内森·英格兰德的小说《姐妹山》反映出作家关于边界空间的兴趣和文学主张。本文着眼日常生活中具体而微的空间实践，考察犹太人在定居点边界空间中，凭借身体扩大以色列国家领土、加深犹太集体记忆、改造阿拉伯景观、传承文化仪式的过程，发现边界既加固领土安全，又作用于边界主体的身份与情感，同时被主体的身体实践所表达和形塑，并且定居点空间因犹太定居者身体的介入，呈现一种地缘政治与生命力量的交互，处于不停的变化之中，期待通过人地互动的生命政治解读，纠偏民族—国家宏大叙事对底层视角的忽视。

关键词：内森 ·.英格兰德　《姐妹山》　边界空间　身体

作者简介：敬南菲，杭州电子科技大学外国语学院教授，主要从事美国犹太文学研究。本文系国家社科基金项目“美国犹太文学中的大屠杀记忆与反思性书写研究”（220BWW066）和教育部人文社科规划基金项目“美国犹太作家以色列书写的空间诗学研究”（19YJA752010）阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                              

Title: Body in Geopolitics: Narratives of Border Space in “Sister Hills”

ABSTRACT: Nathan Englander’s short story “Sister Hills” reflects the writ-er’s interest in and literary views on borders. This paper focuses on spatial practice in the daily life of the characters in the story to examine how these settlers in the border spaces of occupied territory in the West Bank expand Israel’s national terri-tory, reinforce Jewish collective memory, transform Arabic landscapes, and prac-tice cultural rituals with their bodies. Borders in “Sister Hills” not only strengthen territorial security, but also act on the identity and emotion of the subjects on the borders, while being expressed and shaped by their bodily practices. The pre-sentation of Jewish settlers’ bodies on the borders therefore displays a constant-ly changing interaction between geopolitics and human life. Interpreting the IsraelPalestine conflict in this way offers a bottom-up perspective neglected in the grand narra-tives of the nation state.

Keywords: Nathan Englander, “Sister Hills”, border space, body

Author: Jing Nanfei is a professor at the School of Foreign Lan-guages, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China (310018), specializing in Jewish American literature.

从《白人男孩曳步舞》探究比第笔下的文化混血张力与社会伦理反思

庞好农　刘敏杰

内容提要：美国小说家保罗·比第在长篇小说《白人男孩曳步舞》里从文化排斥、文化交融和文化异化的视角，描写了黑人社区文化混血张力与社会伦理反思的内在关联，揭示黑人在美国的生存窘境和人生追求。美国主流社会通过种族隔离、种族歧视和敌意想象等手段对黑人进行文化排斥，使他们成为局外人和隐身人。比第从黑白婚姻、艺术交流和文化迁移等方面展现黑人与白人的共生关系和文化交融，揭示文化交织对性格和思维方式的重要影响。他还从世界观异化、价值观异化和生命观异化等方面讲述了种族偏见和种族压迫对黑人意识形态的扭曲，探讨黑人为何难以形成与主流社会伦理相适宜的价值观和社会伦理观。

关键词：保罗·比第　《白人男孩曳步舞》　文化混血　社会伦理

作者简介：庞好农，广东外语外贸大学外国文学文化研究院教授，研究方向为英美文学；刘敏杰，洛阳理工学院外国语学院讲师，主要从事英美文学研究。本文系国家社科基金重大项目“美国族裔文学中的文化共同体思想研究”（21&ZD281）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                            

Title: Tension of Cultural Hybridity and Reflection on Social Ethics: A Study of Paul Beatty’s The White Boy Shuffle

ABSTRACT: In The White Boy Shuffle, Paul Beatty presents the tensions inherent in cultural hybridity and reflects on social ethics from the perspectives of cultural exclusion, fusion and alienation, disclosing black people’s living dilemma and personal pursuits in the United States of America. By means of racial segregation, racial discrimination and hostile imagination, blacks are racially excluded in American society and made into out-siders and invisible men. Representing black-and-white matrimony, artistic communication and cultural transference, Beatty reveals the important influence of cultural interlocking on black people’s personalities and ways of thinking. He also describes the distortion of black ideology caused by racial prejudice and oppression from the perspective of alien-ation in worldview, value system and life outlook, indicating that it is difficult for black people to form values and ethical ideas suitable for mainstream social ethics.

Keywords: Paul Beatty, The White Boy Shuffle, cultural hybridity, social ethics

Authors: Pang Haonong is a professor at the Institute of Foreign Literature and Culture in Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China (510420), majoring in English American literature. Liu Minjie is a lecturer at the School of Foreign Languages in Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (471023), specializing in English and American literature.

论《水刀》中气候难民的流动性

袁　源

内容提要：气候小说《水刀》展现了美国西南部气候难民逐水而居、一路北上的艰难流动历程。本文从流动梦想的生成与幻灭、交通工具的适用性和（不能）流动的历史根源三方面，解析该小说中气候难民的流动性书写，探究作者巴奇加卢皮对科罗拉多河流域干旱问题的历史溯源、现状反思和未来展望，指出美国西南部各州对水资源的争夺、多变的移民政策以及排外思维将进一步阻碍气候难民的流动，从而加剧他们的苦难。小说批判了经济利益和政治体制凌驾于环境正义之上的现实，体现出以作者为代表的美国气候小说家对环境的焦虑。

关键词：保罗·巴奇加卢皮　《水刀》　环境人文　气候小说　流动性

作者简介：袁源，上海理工大学外语学院副教授，主要从事气候小说、文学与环境及科学的跨学科研究。本文系教育部人文社科青年项目“21世纪美国气候小说研究”（20YJC752024）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                              

Title: Mobility of Climate Refugees in Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife

ABSTRACT: Paolo Bacigalupi’s cli-fi novel The Water Knife depicts a scenario in which climate refugees struggle to migrate to the north in pursuit of water in the American southwest. This article examines the representation of climate refugees’ (im)mobilities in this novel from three aspects, namely, the formation and disillusionment of mobility dreams, the availability of transportation, and the historical reasons for their (im)mobilities. The article discusses the ways in which Bacigalupi reflects upon historical roots, the present situation, and a future of drought along the Colorado River. It then argues that southwestern US states’ competition for water resources, capricious immigration policies, and xenophobia among the American public obstruct the migration of climate refugees, aggravating their plight. The novel criticizes the prioritization of economic benefits and political institutions over environmental justice, and reveals the environmental anxiety of American cli-fi writers, exemplified by Bacigalupi.

Keywords: Paolo Bacigalupi, The Water Knife, environmental humanities, climate fiction, mobility

Author: Yuan Yuan is an associate professor of English at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China (200093). Her research focuses on climate fiction and the interdisciplinary studies of literature, environment and science.

美国阿富汗战争小说《警戒》中的战争框架与可堪哀悼的生命

李梦雨　胡亚敏

内容提要：《警戒》以美国阿富汗战争为背景，书写战争中不同等级的生命，区分战争框架内外可堪哀悼的生命和一文不值的生命。战争框架控制和操纵人们的感知，划定“我们”与“他们”的范围，促使人们区别对待框架内外的生命。美军士兵珍视框架内同伴的生命，但视框架外的阿富汗人为生命不堪哀悼的“非人”。尽管美军士兵和阿富汗人保持不同的立场，但源于人性之善，他们都曾向对方表达善意。美军士兵试图抵制战争框架的收编，但战争的不确定性又让他们时刻保持警戒。作者罗伊—巴塔查里亚借助《警戒》一书反思战争，主张平等地审视生命，寻求打破框架的路径。

关键词：美国阿富汗战争　罗伊—巴塔查里亚　《警戒》　战争框架　哀悼

作者简介：李梦雨，国防科技大学英语语言文学专业博士研究生，主要从事英美文学研究；胡亚敏，国防科技大学教授，主要从事英美文学和世界战争文学研究。本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界战争文学史研究”（22&ZD290）、国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘科技与社会’视阈下的二战后美国战争小说研究”（22BWW044）、战略支援部队信息工程大学洛阳校区高水平学术成果孵化项目“二战后外国战争文学中的民族、危机与共同体研究”（LWFH2022002）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                         

Title: Frames of War and Grievable Life in the American Afghan War Novel The Watch

ABSTRACT: The Watch is a novel about the American war in Afghanistan. The novel takes this war as the background of writing about different lives under war. Frames of war control and manipulate people’s perception, differentiate “we” from “they”, and urge people to treat lives inside and outside the frames differently. The American soldiers cherish the lives of their companions inside the frames, but they regard the Afghans out-side the frames as “non-humans” who are not worthy of being mourned. Although American soldiers and the Afghans maintain different positions, they express goodwill towards each other out of the goodness of humanity. The American soldiers attempt to resist the incorporation of frames of war, but the uncertainty of the war pushes them to keep alert at all times. Through his novel The Watch, Joydeep Roy-Bhattacharya reflects on the war, advocates treating lives equally, and seeks the path to break the frames.

Keywords: American war in Afghanistan, Roy-Bhattacharya, The Watch, frames of war, mourning

Authors: Li Mengyu is a doctoral candidate at National University of Defense Technology, Luoyang, China (471003), specializing in British and American literature. Hu Yamin is a professor at National Univer-sity of Defense Technology, Luoyang, China (471003). Her research focuses on British and American literature and war literature of the world.

论当代英美动物诗歌中的灭绝叙事

谢　超

内容提要：灭绝叙事已成为当代英美动物诗歌创作中不容忽视的主题与技法。以特德·休斯、吉莲·克拉克、彼特·雷丁以及艾莉森·哈奇克拉夫特为代表的当代英美诗人通过扩展物种的历史与未来时间、使用第一人称多声部叙事和嫁接生态殖民史，从地质时间、叙事手段和生态历史等角度，多维度、多层次地勾画出物种多样性降低造成的个人、环境与社会危机，反思了人与非人动物之间无法切割的情感、历史与生态关联。当代英美动物诗歌中的灭绝叙事革新了早期灭绝叙事的传统，显示出介入动物保护的政治姿态，召唤了一种以关系式本体论为特点的多物种伦理观。

关键词：动物诗歌　灭绝叙事　生态批评　多物种伦理

作者简介：谢超，华中师范大学文学院副教授，研究方向为英语诗歌及生态批评。本文系国家社科基金青年项目“当代英国气候变化诗歌研究”（19CWW020）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                              

Title: On Extinction Narratives in Contemporary British and American Animal Poetry

ABSTRACT: Extinction narrative has become a crucial theme and technique in con-temporary British and American animal poetry. Poets such as Ted Hughes, Gillian Clarke, Peter Reading and Allison Hutchcraft expand historical and future times of species, use a polyphonic first-person point of view, and employ histories of ecological colonialism, trying to depict personal, environmental and social crises caused by biodiversity depletion.Through multifaceted perspectives — geological time, narrative skills and ecological history — these poets reflect on the inseparably emotional, historical and ecological connections between humans and nonhuman animals. Extinction narratives in contemporary British and American animal poetry revolutionize the poetic tradition of the genre, display a political stance towards animal protection, and create a multispecies ethics that emphasizes relational ontology.

Keywords: animal poetry, extinction narrative, ecocriticism, multispecies ethics

Author: Xie Chao is an associate professor at the School of Chinese Languages and Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (430079), specializing in Anglophone poetry and ecocriticism.

论《我这样的机器》中人工智能机器人的个体化

周铭英

内容提要：伊恩·麦克尤恩的小说《我这样的机器》中，被编写植入一切人类美好品质的人工智能机器人亚当，通过直接的、实在的、具体的生活体验以及与人类之间的情感互动，逐渐获得主体性自我认知并发展出个体性。作为个体存在的亚当开始切实地感受到个体与社会之间根本性的分歧。本文力图突破现有的机器人伦理、人机共同体等批评模式，从个体与社会交互形成的张力考察具体生活经验和情感互动对人类和机器人的形塑，揭示个体情感与结构性社会规范磋商的过程如何悄然改变一个社会的情感结构和整体文化。

关键词：《我这样的机器》　个体化　社会化　个体情感　社会结构

作者简介：周铭英，深圳大学助理教授，主要从事英国文学、文化研究与性别研究。本文系2021年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“雷蒙·威廉斯小说的思想价值研究”（21FWWB001）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                               

Title: On the Individuation of Artificial Intelligence in Machines Like Me

ABSTRACT: In Ian McEwan’s novel Machine Like Me, Adam, an artificial intelligence robot implanted with all good human qualities, gradually obtains subjective self-awareness and develops individuality through direct, concrete and real lived experiences, as well as through emotional interactions with humans. Afterwards, as an individual, Adam begins to feel the real fundamental differences between the individual and society. This essay attempts to break through existing critical models, such as robot ethics and human machine co-existing community, and to examine how specific life experiences and emotional interactions shape both humans and robots from the perspective of the tension formed by the interaction between the individual and society. It demonstrates the ways individual emotions and structural social norms can latently change the structure of feeling and the whole culture in the process of negotiation.

Keywords: Machines Like Me, individuation, socialization, individual feeling, social structure

Author: Zhou Mingying is an assistant professor of English at Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China (518060), specializing in British literature, cultural studies and gender studies.

女性视角下的女性与战争

  ——评帕特·巴克的小说《特洛伊的女人们》

霍甜甜

内容提要：帕特·巴克在《特洛伊的女人们》中以第一人称女性视角又一次对《伊利亚特》重写和戏仿。本文通过分析特洛伊女性作为他者的战争创伤，围绕唱歌、洗热水澡和助产，探讨女性内部形成的主体性思维，以皮洛斯杀死普里阿摩司、破坏古希腊“好客礼”为切入点，聚焦男性气质和女性气质，揭露英雄主义中暗含男性也是受害者，强调破除战争悲剧的逻辑不是交换而是友爱，用友爱来解构自我中心主义的暴力，这对解决当下地缘政治、社会冲突问题具有启示意义。

关键词：帕特·巴克　《特洛伊的女人们》　战争创伤　好客礼　友爱

作者简介：霍甜甜，山西农业大学基础部讲师，主要从事当代英美文学研究和女性研究。本文系山西省优秀博士毕业生来晋工作奖励经费科研项目（SXBYKY2022106）、山西农业大学博士科研启动基金（2023ZBQ01）阶段性研究成果。                                                                                                                                               

Title: War from the Perspective of Women: A Review of Pat Barker’s The Women of Troy

ABSTRACT: In her new novel The Women of Troy, Pat Barker again rewrites and parodies the Iliad from the first-person female perspective. This paper analyzes the Trojan women’s war trauma as the Other, and explores the formation of their subjective thinking through singing, taking hot baths and delivering babies. It focuses on masculinity and femininity in the story of Pyrrhus’ killing of his father’s guest-friend to reveal that men are also the victims of heroism. It emphasizes that the key to eliminating the tragedy of war lies not in exchange but in philia, which is used to deconstruct violence resulting from egocentrism. This is instructive for solving problems of geopolitical and social conflict.

Keywords: Pat Barker, The Women of Troy, war trauma, guest-friendship, philia

Author: Huo Tiantian is a lecturer in the Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China (030801), specializing in contemporary British and American literature and feminist studies.

《伪君子》的现代变异：索因卡对宗教伪善的审判

吴斯佳

内容提要：非洲著名剧作家索因卡的剧作《裘罗教士的磨难》，无论在主题呈现还是艺术技巧的运用方面，都承袭了法国17世纪古典主义剧作家莫里哀的《伪君子》。本文基于影响研究等考据，认为索因卡对莫里哀的承袭主要体现在宗教伪善的揭示、艺术结构和人物形象的承袭，以及宗教与政治关系的考量三个方面。在宗教伪善的揭示方面，索因卡与三百年前的莫里哀遥相呼应，所揭露和讽刺的，都是职业宗教骗子的虚伪、欺骗和奸诈。在艺术结构和人物塑造方面，莫里哀和索因卡都注重于“三一律”的运用，两部剧作中的人物也有着高度的“契合”。而在宗教与政治的关系问题上，两位不同时代的剧作家都根据不同的社会语境做出了深刻的思考和犀利的揭示。两位剧作家都以剧场为法庭，对宗教骗子的欺诈行径做出了犀利的“审判”。

关键词：索因卡　《裘罗教士的磨难》 莫里哀　《伪君子》　影响研究

作者简介：吴斯佳，浙江传媒学院浙江省影视与戏剧研究中心、文学院教授，文学博士，硕士生导师，主要从事外国戏剧研究和影视文学研究。本文系国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国外国文学研究索引（CFLSI）的研制与运用”（18ZDA284）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                                

Title: A Modern Variation of Tartuffe: The Trials of Religious Hypocrisy by Wole Soyinka

ABSTRACT: African playwright Wole Soyinka’s play The Trials of Brother Jero follows the seventeenth-century French Neoclassical playwright Molière’s Tartuffe in its thematic presentation and artistic techniques. This paper argues that Soyinka follows Molière in three principal aspects: revelation of religious hypocrisy, inheritance of artistic structure and characterization, and consideration of the relationship between religion and politics. In terms of revelation of religious hypocrisy, Soyinka echoes Molière by exposing and satirizing the hypocrisy, deceit and treachery of professional Christian liars. In terms of artistic structure and characterization, both Molière and Soyinka adopt the principle of “three unities”, and there are close correspondences between the characters in the two plays. Furthermore, both of the playwrights delve into the relationship between religion and politics in a particular social context. Both use the theater as a courtroom to “judge” the fraudulent practices of the religious charlatans.

Keywords: Wole Soyinka, The Trials of Brother Jero, Molière, Tartuffe, literary influence

Author:Wu Sijia is a professor at the School of Literature, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China (310018), specializing in dramatic literature and film studies.

论时空体对小说世界构建的作用：

以小说《库科茨基医生的病案》为例

张　嵘

内容提要：在乌利茨卡娅的小说《库科茨基医生的病案》里，宏大的整一时空体内存在着潜隐危机与转折的关键时空体，作者在其中巧妙地融合空间和时间，结合个人生活与历史事件，使小说情节自然展开，同时动态地刻画出各具特点、栩栩如生的人物形象，让人物由静态到动态，由平面到立体。小说赋予人物时代的特点，并使理解事件获得了新的角度，将新的哲学思考和价值因素注入时空，构建出确切时空体中微缩的小说世界。

关键词：乌利茨卡娅　《库科茨基医生的病案》　时空体 情节构建

作者简介：张嵘，辽宁大学讲师，主要研究方向为当代俄罗斯文学。本文系辽宁省普通高等教育本科教学改革研究项目立项优质教学资源建设与共享项目的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                               

Title: World Building in Ludmila Ulitskaya’s The Kukotsky Enigma: From the Perspective of Bakhtin’s Chronotope

ABSTRACT: In Ludmila Ulitskaya’s The Kukotsky Enigma, there is a “crisis” chronotope within the overall grand chronotope of the novel. In these key chronotopes, the author skillfully integrates space and time, combines personal life and historical events, and renders historical time in space. Thus, the plot of the novel moves forward naturally and dynamically, and presents various vivid characters that change from static to dynamic, from flat to three-dimensional. The novel makes the characters typical of their times to examine events in a new light, injects new philosophical ideas and values into time and space, and builds a miniature world of fiction within its specific chronotope.

Keywords: Ludmila Ulitskaya, The Kukotsky Enigma, сhronotope, world building

Author：Zhang Rong is a lecturer at Liaoning University, Shenyang, China (110136), specializing in contemporary Russian literature.

《砖巷》中伦敦城市的分群形态与社会生活共同体的建构

赵晶辉

内容提要：随着全球化进程的加快，伦敦传统城市的空间形态和机体功能正在消失。在城市空间中，不同居民群体或占据不同的区域，或被隔离在特定的地区，城市发展及其持续筛选与分化的过程中形成了众多的分群形态。同质性的都市共同体瓦解之后，引发了作为隐性的城市文化系统的社会成员的构成方式、种群关系以及社会阶层结构的变化。在《砖巷》中，莫妮卡·阿里从孟加拉裔移民视角出发，描写生活在聚居区移民面临的经济、身份、宗教和种族等方面的冲突问题。本文分析《砖巷》中伦敦城市由迁徙飘零的孟加拉人结成的社区共同纽带和在城市中生存下去的共同记忆，聚焦《砖巷》特定的落脚聚居空间、隐匿的社会秩序、社会流动的通道等方面，展现城市作为生活共同体的建构方式。

关键词：莫妮卡·阿里　《砖巷》　社会生活共同体　城市　分群形态

作者简介：赵晶辉，博士，江苏海洋大学外国语学院教授，主要研究方向为英美文学。本文系江苏省社科基金项目“英国海洋小说中的命运共同体研究”（21WWB003）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                             

Title: On Patterns of London Urban Subgroups and the Community of Social Life in Brick Lane

ABSTRACT: The city is not only a pure material fact divided by geographical units, but also a community of social life formed by human settlement. With the acceleration of globalization, the traditional spatial form and functions of London are disappearing. In the space of the city, different population groups occupy different areas or are isolated in specific areas. With the development of the city, many subgroups have formed in the process of continuous urban screening and differentiation. After the disintegration of the homogeneous urban community, there have been changes to the composition of social members, relationships between populations, and the social structure of the recessive urban cultural system. In Brick Lane, written from the perspective of Bangladeshi immigrants, the British writer Monica Ali describes the conflicts in economy, identity, religion and race faced by immigrants living in concentrated areas. This article analyzes the Bengali community’s common ties and common memories in the city of London, and focuses on the specific settlement space, hidden social order and social flow channels in Brick Lane. The purpose is to investigate the organic construction mode of the city as a living community.

Keywords: Monica Ali, Brick Lane, community of social life, city, subgroup pattern

Author: Zhao Jinghui is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China (222005), specializing in British and American literature.

“空间模拟”思想：

洛特曼文化符号学的一种独特方法论

康　澄

内容提要：洛特曼及塔尔图—莫斯科符号学派认为，空间是模拟文化的通用语，任何文化模式都可以用空间术语来表达。“空间模拟”机制是人类思维本质特征的反映，是表达特别有效的“世界图景”手段，包含了文化概念中所有的价值范畴。以“空间模拟”为基础构建文化描述的元语言是文化符号学的最独特的方法论之一，洛特曼将之用于地理空间、现实空间、城市空间等，以此描述不同的文化类型及其意义生成。

关键词：尤里·洛特曼　文化符号学　空间模拟　地理空间

作者简介：康澄，华南师范大学外国语言文化学院教授，主要从事文化符号学和俄罗斯文学研究。本文为国家社科基金重大项目“尤里·洛特曼著作集汉译与研究”（21&ZD284）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                               

Title: “Spatial Modeling”: The Unique Methodology of Yuri Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics

ABSTRACT: Yuri Lotman and the Tartu Moscow Semiotic School believe that space is a universal language for modeling reality and that any cultural type can be de-scribed in spatial terms. Reflecting the essential characteristics of human thinking, the mechanism of “spatial modeling” is a particularly effective means of expressing “world vision,” which contains all the value categories in cultural concepts. Building a metalanguage for cultural description based on spatial modeling is one of the most unique methodologies of cultural semiotics. Lotman applies it to geographical, real and urban spaces to describe different cultural types and the generation of their meaning.

Keywords: Yuri Lotman, cultural semiotics, spatial modeling, geographical space

Author: Kang Cheng is a professor at the School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (510631), specializing in cul-tural semiotics and Russian literature.

图尼埃的东方美学

廖　敏

内容提要：中法学界多关注当代法国作家米歇尔·图尼埃作品里的西方哲学与神话渊源，却忽视了其中蕴含的东方美学与东方哲学。图尼埃早、中、晚期作品呈现水墨画、“禅”花园、阿拉伯书法等东方美学意象，其朴素简约、隽永深刻的艺术特征对理解小说创作具有重要意义。在东方美学、哲学的启发下，图尼埃在直觉体验中找到一种超越有限时空的途径，实现内心超脱和精神自由，试图在东方艺术境界中找寻理想精神天堂，以批判西方消费文化的过度发展。东方美学的吸收也使图尼埃的写作理念和美学观念发生转变，追求精炼简化的风格。

关键词：图尼埃　东方美学　水墨画　“禅”花园　阿拉伯书法

作者简介：廖敏，暨南大学外国语学院法语系讲师，主要从事法国文学、比较文学研究。本文为教育部人文社科青年基金项目“米歇尔·图尼埃作品的生命现象学研究”（18YJC752019）、广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“米歇尔·图尼埃作品的道家自然主义思想研究”（GD19YWW02）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                            

Title: Michel Tournier’s Oriental Aesthetics

ABSTRACT: Michel Tournier was an important contemporary French writer. Chinese and French academic circles have paid much attention to Tournier’s use of Western philosophy and mythology, but they have tended to ignore his oriental aesthetics and philosophical thoughts. Tournier’s early, middle and late works present a rich variety of aesthetic images such as ink painting, Zen gardens and Arabic calligraphy, and their simple but profound artistic characteristics are of great significance for understanding his novels. Under the influence of oriental aesthetics and philosophy, Tournier found a way to transcend the limited time and space in the experience of intuition, and achieved inner cultivation and spiritual freedom so as to seek the ideal spiritual paradise in the realm of oriental art, and to criticize the excessive development of Western consumer culture. The absorption of oriental aesthetics also transformed Tournier’s writing style and aesthetic views, inspiring him to pursue a refined and simplified style.

Keywords: Michel Tournier, oriental aesthetics, ink painting, Zen garden, Arabic calligraphy

Author: Liao Min is a lecturer at the School of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (510632), specializing in French literature and comparative literature.

鲍尔斯《回声制造者》的生态—社会共同体建构

陈韵祎

内容提要：当代美国小说家鲍尔斯的《回声制造者》想象和建构了一个生态—社会共同体。有主体性的自然与人类社会共存于共同体中，不可分割；共同体中的人具有“生态人格”，团结友爱，互帮互助；共同体中的人们依恋、融入“地方”，共同从事环保工作，构成生态—社会共同体之根。作品的生态—社会共同体建构，丰富了共同体文学想象，对建设生态文明，推动绿色发展，构建人类命运共同体具有重要启发意义。

关键词：鲍尔斯　《回声制造者》　生态—社会共同体　主体性　生态人格　恋地情结　

作者简介：陈韵祎，浙江大学外国语学院博士研究生，研究方向为英美文学。                                                                                                                                           

Title: Ecological-Social Community Building in Richard Powers’s The Echo Maker

ABSTRACT: The Echo Maker, a novel by contemporary American writer Richard Powers, imagines and builds a unique ecological-social community. Nature, with its own subjectivity, co-exists with humans in the community, and the two are inseparable. People in the community have “ecological personality”, uniting in friendship and helping each other. More importantly, people in the community have topophilia, mingle with “place”, and work on environmental protection, which forms the foundation for an ecological-social community. In this novel, building an ecological-social community enriches the literary imagination of community and provides an inspiration for ecological civilization, green development and a community with a shared future for human beings.

Keywords: Richard Powers, The Echo Maker, ecological-social community, subjectivity, ecological personality, topophilia

Author:Chen Yunyi is a doctoral candidate at the School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (310058), specializing in British and American literature.

《终结的感觉》中的记忆、自我、社会：

基于格雷马斯符号学方阵的解读

葛佳美

内容提要：当代英国小说家巴恩斯的代表作《终结的感觉》由两部分构成，第一部中托尼对年少往事的回忆在第二部被推翻，真相的揭开使托尼产生“终结”之感。本文借助格雷马斯的符号学方阵研究小说中隐含的记忆、自我与社会三个意义系统的深层机制，试图探寻“终结的感觉”的根源。本文发现：小说第二部对第一部的解构使记忆、自我与社会意义系统发生剧烈变动，三者复合轴上的义素在小说两部分文本之间形成强冲突项，构成反义层面上的二元对立关系，从而导致了这三个意义系统的不确定性。本文认为，“终结的感觉”是三个不确定性意义系统的累积，是托尼无法承担的责任，更是后现代社会浩大的动荡不安。

关键词：朱利安·巴恩斯 《终结的感觉》　符号学　记忆　自我　社会

作者简介：葛佳美，华中师范大学外国语学院博士研究生，主要从事当代英美文学研究。                                                                                                                                             

Title: Memory, Self and Society in The Sense of an Ending: From the Perspective of Greimas’s Semiotic Square

ABSTRACT: The Sense of an Ending, a masterpiece by contemporary British writer Julian Barnes, consists of two parts. Tony’s memories about the past in the first part are overturned in the second part, and the revelation of the truth gives Tony a sense of “ending.” By using Algirdas Greimas’s notion of the semiotic square, this paper aims to find the deep meaning of three semantic systems: memory, self and society, and to explore the cause of “the sense of an ending.” The deconstruction of the first part of the novel by the second part causes drastic changes in memory, self and social systems, and the semantic elements on the composite axis of the three form a strong conflict between the two parts of the novel, producing binary opposition on the antonymous level, which generates uncertainty about the three semantic systems of the novel. This paper argues that “the sense of an ending” is based on the accumulation of the three uncertain elements, the responsibility that Tony cannot bear, and the great unrest of postmodern society.

Keywords: Julian Barnes, The Sense of an Ending, semiotics, memory, self, society

Author: Ge Jiamei is a Ph.D. candidate at Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China (430079), specializing in contemporary British and American literature.

“和我一起去流浪”和“我们回家吧”

  ——论蒂姆·温顿《骑行者》中的家、身份与移动性

朱　倩

内容提要：澳大利亚作家蒂姆·温顿的作品《骑行者》以旅行、追寻和错位的结果呈现新的空间和身份形式，从而确认了关于稳定、静止和单一位置的旧观念与经济变化、社会政治不确定性和文化多样性的全球时代之间的不匹配，阐释了固定的家、身份和流动性等概念。本文在家园和移民理论的背景下阅读这部小说，认为该小说在执着于家园概念的同时，以更灵活的方式改写了这一概念，打破了它与传统国家叙事的联系。

关键词：蒂姆·温顿　《骑行者》　家　身份　流动

作者简介：朱倩，马来西亚理科大学人文学院在读博士生，主要从事澳大利亚文学、英美文学、女性文学研究。                                                                                                                                               

Title: “Go Waltzing Matilda with Me” and “Let’s Go Home”: On Home, Identity and Mobility in Tim Winton’s The Riders

ABSTRACT: Australian writer Tim Winton’s novel The Riders presents new forms of space and identity as a result of travel, pursuit and dislocation, thus confirming the mismatch between old ideas of stability, stasis and a single location and a global age of economic change, socio-political uncertainty and cultural diversity. It revisits fixed notions of home and identity to explore mobility. Reading the novel in the context of theories about home and migration, this paper argues that Winton, while adhering to the notion of home, rewrites the concept in a more flexible way in order to break its ties with traditional national narratives.

Keywords: Tim Winton, The Riders, home, identity, mobility

Author: Zhu Qian is a doctoral candidate in the School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia (14300), specializing in Australian literature.

从乌托邦的“反”转到“后”转

  ——基于迈克尔·夏邦笔下的“后乌托邦”想象

秦　轩

内容提要：新世纪犹太作家迈克尔·夏邦笔下的乌托邦不限于传统意义上的“好地方”或“乌有之地”，而是由充斥“流奶与蜜”的应许之地转向乌托邦诸多分支交错的“后乌托邦”想象，包括：生物基因工程和种族暴力亵渎宗教净土的反乌托邦；政治黑幕与地下黑工厂联合侵蚀人性的恶托邦；患有精神病、战争后遗症的弱者聚集的具有危机性、偏离性及自由性的异托邦等。在这些犹太社区内部不同教派之间及其与白人、印第安土著人、阿拉伯人之间的权力抗衡中，身份的殖民化与被殖民化、跨地区与跨种族的冲突皆浮出水面。这些问题既是犹太民族历史症结在当代的表征，也是“后乌托邦”视角下的经验重现。

关键词：迈克尔·夏邦　乌托邦　“后乌托邦”

作者简介：秦轩，山东师范大学副教授，从事美国犹太文学研究。本文系国家社科基金青年项目“当代美国犹太小说的商业文化表征研究”（21CWW014）的阶段性成果。                                                                                                                                              

Title: Michael Chabon’s Imagination of the “Post-Utopia”

ABSTRACT: The utopia created by Michael Chabon, a Jewish writer of the new century, is not limited to the traditional “good place” or “no place,” but turns from the Promised Land “flowing with milk and honey” to the “post-utopia.” This includes the anti-utopia, where biological genetic engineering and racial violence desecrate religion; the dystopia, where political shadows and an underground factory jointly corrode human nature; and the heterotopia of crisis, involving deviation and freedom for the weak who suffer from psychosis and the aftermath of war. In the power struggle between different sects within Jewish communities, and among Jews, whites, native Indians and Arabs, issues such as the colonization and decolonization of identities, and the presence of trans-regional, trans-racial conflicts, all emerge. These problems are contemporary symptoms of historical Jewish trauma, and such Jewish experiences can be represented from the perspective of “post-utopia.”

Keywords: Michael Chabon, utopia, post-utopia

Author: Qin Xuan is a lecturer in English at the School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (250014). Her major research area is American Jewish literature.